At a fundamental level, reality is determined by only two properties of our Universe: the quanta that make up everything that exists and the interactions that take place between them. While the rules ...

The strong force can make some very odd particles. The only trouble is, we don't know if they actually exist. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. The internal structure of a proton, with quarks, gluons, and quark spin ...

When a high-energy photon strikes a proton, secondary particles diverge in a way that indicates that the inside of the proton is maximally entangled. An international team of physicists with the ...

In the first quintillionth of a second, the universe may have sprouted microscopic black holes with enormous amounts of nuclear charge, MIT physicists propose. The gravitational pull from these tiny, ...

For about 50 years, the scientific community has been grappling with a substantial problem: There isn’t enough visible matter in the universe. All the matter we can see — stars, planets, cosmic dust ...

Scientists seeking to explore the teeming microcosm of quarks and gluons inside protons and neutrons report new data delivered by particles of light. The light particles, or photons, come directly ...

'Even though these short-lived, exotic creatures are not around today, they could have affected cosmic history in ways that could show up in subtle signals today.' When you purchase through links on ...

Objects are made of atoms, and atoms are likewise the sum of their parts — electrons, protons and neutrons. Dive into one of those protons or neutrons, however, and things get weird. Three particles ...

A team of physicists has embarked on a journey where few others have gone: into the glue that binds atomic nuclei. The resultant measurement, which was extracted from experimental data taken at the ...