The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

We all have the habit of trying to guess the killer in a movie before the big reveal. That’s us making inferences. It’s what happens when your brain connects the dots without being told everything ...

Observation protocol scores are commonly used as status measures to support inferences about teacher practices. When multiple observations are collected for the same teacher over the course of a year, ...

Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy is a peer-reviewed journal serving those interested in the teaching of reading to adolescents and adults. Each issue offer practical, classroom-tested ideas ...

Inference to the Source: The Case of Observing a Binary Black Hole Merger The philosophical literature is replete with the discussion of theory-laden observation and circularity with regard to the ...