Instrumental variable methods are a third analytic approach that estimate the effect of an intervention in observational data without requiring the factors that differ between the intervention groups ...

Nancy Dreyer, PhD, MPH, FISE, chief scientific advisor to Picnic Health, shares some of the ways that direct-to-patient approaches have improved observational research. Direct-to-patient approaches ...

A new method of observing and measuring interactions between students and teachers could have interesting impacts on academic achievement. Research has shown that interactions between students and ...

Observation of nurses during drug administration at a U.K. hospital did not significantly affect the MAE rate; nor did tactful interventions made by the observers to prevent serious errors. Observer ...

In Figures (a) and (b), the colors depict the uncertainty levels before and after applying optimal observations. In Figure (b), the labeled points and numbers indicate the positions of mooring sites ...

The study was part of a large observational study of MAEs in a U.K. teaching hospital and took place between January and June 1998. [22] Two approaches were used to identify any effects of observation ...