Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 102, No. 11 (Mar. 15, 2005), pp. 4027-4032 (6 pages) An important goal of contemporary HIV type 1 (HIV-1) research ...

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Artificial redox cofactors that can work in parallel to the natural redox systems, without interfering with endogenous reactions, would enable improved metabolic engineering of industrially ...

Once the cofactor is added, the enzyme becomes the active “holoenzyme”. Cofactors can either be ions, such as zinc and iron ions, or organic molecules, such as vitamins or vitamin-derived ...