For the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur to apply in Indian courts, three fundamental conditions must be satisfied : The incident must be of a type that would not ordinarily occur without negligence. The ...

Legally, alteration may be effected at any time before judgment is pronounced. This flexibility allows the court to respond to new evidence or emerging nuances in the facts. The court’s discretion ...

The legislative approaches during the late colonial era in India to deal with juveniles reflected a gradual shift from punitive to reformative methods, influenced by global reform movements and ...

The coordination and accountability of juvenile justice institutions in India are primarily governed by the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, and involve a structured ...

The Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) in India is a specialized quasi-judicial body constituted under Section 4 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, to deal exclusively with ...

The constitutional foundation for government monopoly in public utilities begins with Article 12 of the Constitution, which defines "state" expansively to include not only traditional government ...

The Indian Supreme Court has played a transformative role in shaping juvenile justice jurisprudence through a series of landmark decisions spanning over four decades. From the pioneering interventions ...

Every child deserves safety, guidance, and a chance to thrive. Yet, under Indian law, juveniles who face hardship fall into two distinct categories—those who are neglected and those who are delinquent ...

The scope of criminal liability for public utilities in India encompasses various dimensions, including liability for ...

Government monopoly in public utilities represents one of the most significant paradigms in Indian administrative and economic law, where the state assumes exclusive control over essential services ...

A6: The Supreme Court regarded such defences as “unbelievable and absurd” unless supported by credible evidence. Courts must weigh the presumption of liability under Section 139 and apply logical ...

Sheela Barse & Anr. v. Union of India & Ors.